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A (battery regenerator ) is a device that restores capacity to lead-acid batteries, extending their effective lifespan. They are also known as desulphators, reconditioners or pulse conditioning devices. When batteries are stored in an uncharged state for an extended period, lead-sulphur deposits form and harden on the lead plates inside the battery. This causes what is known as a "sulphated battery", which will no longer charge to its original capacity. Regenerators send high-frequency pulses of electric current through the battery, causing the sulphate to flake off the plates and eventually dissolve. ==Background== Conventional lead-acid batteries consist of a number of plates of lead and lead dioxide suspended in a cell filled with weak sulphuric acid. Lead oxide reacts with the sulphur and oxygen in the acid to give up an electron, leaving the plate positively charged and producing lead sulphate. Lead reacts with the acid by taking in two electrons, leaving it negative while also producing lead sulphate. The two chemical processes continue as long as an external circuit is available to allow the electrons to flow back into the positive plates, but reaches equilibrium quickly when the battery is disconnected from the circuit. Each complete reaction produces about 2.11V. A typical 12V battery consists of six individual "cells" wired together in a single box, producing 13.2V when fully charged. As a battery is discharged the density of lead sulphate in solution increases. In common designs, it reaches a critical density when discharged to about 75% depth of discharge, or below.〔 For instance, a 12V battery with a 100 Ampere-hour (Ah) capacity will reach this density when 25 Ah (300 Wh) or more have been drawn from the battery. At this point, the lead sulphate will begin to precipitate out of solution onto the battery plates, forming a spongy film. If the battery is immediately recharged, the film will dissolve back into the acid.〔 If the battery is stored or repeatedly operated in this partially charged state for an extended period, the film will slowly crystallize into a solid. This process of "sulphation" takes time, so it only has a chance to build to significant levels if the battery is repeatedly discharged below this critical level. There are numerous other conditions that can lead to the same problem developing.〔("Description and treatment of sulphated batteries" )〕 Batteries also have a small amount of internal resistance that will discharge the battery even when it is disconnected. If a battery is left disconnected, any internal charge will drain away slowly and eventually reach the critical point. From them on the film will develop and thicken. This is the reason batteries will be found to charge poorly or not at all if left in storage for a long period of time. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Battery regenerator」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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